NOVEMBER 29, 2017

HAPPY BIRTHDAYS!
100 Years Ago Today In 1917 - Merle Travis, singer, guitarist, songwriter ("Sixteen Tons"), 1977 Country Music Hall Of Fame Inductee, and Capitol Records artist, is born Merle Robert Travis in Rosewood, Kentucky.
1941 - Jody Miller, singer and Capitol Records artist is born Myrna Joy Brooks in Phoenix, Arizona

ON THIS DAY IN CAPITOL RECORDS HISTORY
1944 - The Pied Pipers' Capitol Records single "The Trolley Song", with "Cuddle Up A Little Closer" on the flipside, is #1 on the Pop singles charts
1945 - Dave Matthews records the (as of 2005) unissued tracks "c", "Charge At Large", "Opus 69" and "Opus 511" in Los Angeles, California for Capitol Records.
1945 - Stan Kenton and His Orchestra records the track "On The Sunny Side Of The Street", with June Christy on vocals, for Capitol Records
1946 - On his 29th birthday, Merle Travis' Capitol Records single "Divorce Me C.O.D.", with "Missouri" on the flipside, is #1 for the seventh week on The Billboard magazine's Most-Played Juke Box Folk Records chart (the precursor to the Country Music chart).
70 Years Ago Today In 1947 - Capitol Records releases Hank Thompson single "Shot Gun Boogie" (Capitol 5760) with "Humpty Dumpty Heart" on the flipside.
70 Years Ago Today In 1947 - It's a Saturday and The King Cole Trio (Nat "King" Cole on piano and vocals, Irving Ashby on guitar, and Johnny Miller on bass) record the titles "I Wish I Had The Blues Again", "Didn't I Tell You So?", and "Lost April" in New York City, New York. Capitol Records will issue "Lost April" on the three-CD set "Nat King Cole Trio - The Complete Capitol Transcription Sessions" (5-60184-2) and all the titles will be issued by Mosaic Records in the box set "The Complete Capitol Recordings Of The Nat King Cole Trio" (MD18-138). Later that same day, the trio will perform "Straighten Up And Fly Right", "Naughty Angeline", "Let's Be Sweethearts Again", back guest vocalist Connie Haines on "You Made Me Love You", then perform "That's What", and "The Trouble With Me Is You" on the "King Cole Trio Time" show for NBC Radio at NBC Studios in New York City, New York. The Armed Forces Radio Service will issue all the songs on an electronic transcription disc (King Cole Trio 25). Later that night, the trio will play, along with other guest stars, at a testimonial concert for Billie Holiday as part of Norman Granz' "Jazz At The Philharmonic" series. All proceeds went to Billie Holiday. Prices $1.20, $1.80, $2.40, and $3.00, tax included.
70 Years Ago Today In 1947 - Vocalist Andy Russell, with Dean Elliott and His Orchestra (lineup unlisted), records the titles "Don't Blame Me", "To Marvelous For Words", "Yours", and "If I Steal A Kiss" in New York City, New York. Capitol Records will issue the first three titles on Russell's album "Andy Russell's Love Notes" (CD-68) and have yet to issue the take of "If I Steal A Kiss" recorded at this session.
1948 - Jimmy Wakely (on vocals), with an orchestra (lineup unlisted), records the track "For Evermore" in Los Angeles, California. Capitol Records will issue the track as a single (Capitol 15333) with "Think Of Me Thinking Of You" on the flip side.
1949 - The Art Van Damme Quintet (Art Van Damme on accordion with unlisted musicians) records the tracks "I Want A Girl (Just Like The Girl That Married Dear Old Dad)" "This Can't Be Love", "Fine And Dandy", and "Gypsy Rondo" in Los Angeles, California. Capitol Records will issue the first and last tracks together as a single (Capitol 827) and the second and third tracks on the quintet's album "Cocktail Capers" (T 300).
1949 - Benny Strong (on vocals) and His Orchestra (lineup unlisted) records the tracks "If You're Irish Come Into The Parlour", "The Gang That Sang 'Heart Of My Heart'", "Save A Little Sunbeam (For A Rainy, Rainy Day)", and the (as of 2005) unissued track "Girl Friend" in Los Angeles, California. Capitol Records will issue the first track as a single (Capitol 834) with "Elsie Schultzenheim" on the flipside, the second track as a single (Capitol 1179) with "That Old Gang Of Mine" on the flipside", and the third track as a single (Capitol 802) with "Who's Your Little Who-Zis!" on the flipside.
1949 - Johnny Pecon and His Orchestra (lineup unlisted) record the tracks "Hayride Polka", "Platt's Polka", "Perme Polka" and "Sweet Polka Dot" in (listed as possibly) Chicago, Illinois. Capitol Records will issue the first track as a single (Capitol 2188) with "The Girl Who Lived Next Door Waltz" on the flipside, the second track as a single (Capitol 2283) with "I Lied To You Polka" on the flip side, the third track as a single (Capitol 2061) with "My Little Girl" on the flipside, and the last track as a single (Capitol 2306) with "Junior's Waltz" on the flipside.
1950 - The King Cole Trio and Stan Kenton and His Orchestra's Capitol Records single "Orange Colored Sky" is #13 and Nat "King" Cole's single "Mona Lisa" is #22 on The Billboard magazine's Most Played Juke Box Records chart. "Orange Colored Sky" is also #14 on the magazine's Records Most Played By Disk Jockeys chart and #22 on its Best Selling Pop Singles chart. "Mona Lisa" is also #26 on The Billboard's Best Selling Pop Singles chart.

1951 - Jack Hunt (on vocals and guitar, with unlisted musicians on fiddle, piano and bass) records the tracks "All I Do Is Sit And Cry", and "How Can I Lie To My Heart", "They Tell Me It's Wrong", and "Triflin' On Me" (with chorus of unlisted singers) in Nashville, Tennessee. Capitol Records will issue the first track as a single (Capitol 1934) with "Postage Due" on the flipside, the second track as a single (Capitol 2003) with "Tears In Your Eyes" on the flipside, the third track as a single (Capitol 2533) with "I Loved You Better Than You Knew" on the flipside, and the last track as a single (Capitol 2129) with "I Learned My Lesson From You" on the flipside.

65 Years Ago Today In 1952 - The 45 R.P.M. release of Nat "King" Cole's Capitol Records album "Penthouse Serenade" is #10 on The Billboard magazine's Best Selling Popular Albums - 45 R.P.M. chart. Cole's single "Somewhere Along The Way" is #19, his single "The Ruby And The Pearl" is #21, and his single "I'm Never Satisfied" is #37 on Cash Box magazine's Best Selling Singles chart.

1953 - Nathan Milstein (on violin), with The Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra (lineup unlisted) conducted by William Steinberg, record a (as of 2005) unissued take of Brahms' "Violin Concerto In D Major, Opus 77" at The Syria Mosque in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

1954 - Kay Starr (on vocals), with Hal Mooney conducting the orchestra (lineup unlisted), records the tracks "What Will I Tell My Heart?", "Maybe You'll Be There", "I Got The Spring Fever Blues", and "It Will Have To Do Until The Real Thing Comes Along" in Los Angeles, California. Capitol Records will issue all the tracks on Starr's album "In A Blue Mood" (T 580).
1954 - During three sessions held this day in Los Angeles, California The MIL Combo (Sigmund "Ziggy" Millonzi on piano; Don Momblow on guitar; Constantine "Connie" Milano on bass) records the (as of 2005) unissued track "I Hear Music", and the tracks "Pick Yourself Up", "September In The Rain", and "Streamliner" (later listed as possibly retitled "Soft Touch") at the first session, the (as of 2005) unissued track "Perdidio", the tracks "My Heart Stood Still" and "There's A Small Hotel", the (as of 2005) unissued track "I Got Rhythm", and the track "Out Of Nowhere and an new take of the track "I Hear Music" at the second session, and the tracks "I Surrender Dear" and "The Man I Love", the (as of 2005) unissued track "Honeysuckle Rose", and the tracks "I Get A Kick Out Of You", "Where Or When" and "Yardbird Suite" at the third session. Capitol Records will issue all the tracks, except the ones listed as unissued, on the combo's eponymous album "The MIL Combo" (T 579).
1955 - Harry James (on trumpet) and His Orchestra (Nick Buono, Joe Dolny, Art De Pew, Conrad Gozzo, and Don Smith also on trumpet; Juan Tizol on valve trombone; Dick Nash and Roy Main on trombone; George Roberts on bass trombone; Herb Lorden on clarinet and alto saxophone; Willie Smith on alto saxophone; Gene "Corky" Corcoran and Jeff Massingill on tenor saxophone; Bob Poland on baritone saxophone; Larry Kinnamon on piano; Harold "Tiny" Timbrell on guitar; Joe Comfort on bass; Macklin "Buddy" Combine on drums and on strings: Kurt Dieterle, Paul Shure, Dan Lube, Misha Russell, Marshall Sosson, and Gerald Vinci on viola; Paul Robyn and David Sterkin on viola; and Cy Bernard on cello) record the rejected take of the track "Hora Staccaato" and the track "Street Scene (Sentimental Rhapsody)" at Capitol Records' Melrose Avenue studios in Hollywood, California. After James records trumpet overdubs on December 7, 1955 Capitol Records will issue "Street Scene (Sentimental Rhapsody)" on James' album "More Harry James In Hi-Fi" (W 712) and Mosaic Records will issue the title on the CD "The Complete Capitol Recordings of Gene Krupa & Harry James" (MD7-192).
1955 - Tommy Collins (on vocals and guitar, with J.R. "Jelly" Sanders on fiddle; Buck Owens on lead guitar; Lewis Talley on rhythm guitar; and Charles Lee "Fuzzy" Owen on bass) records the tracks "Those Old Love Letters From You", "I Wish I Had Died In My Cradle", "I'll Never, Never Let You Go", and "I'll Always Speak Well Of You" at Capitol Records' Melrose Avenue studio in Hollywood, California between 10:30AM and 1:30PM. Capitol Records will issue the first and last track on Collin's album "Words And Music Country Style" (T 776) and the second and third tracks together as a single (Capitol F3591).
60 Years Ago Today In 1957 - Pianist Paul Smith, with Jules Kinsler on flute, Bob Cooper on tenor saxophone, Tony Rizzi on guitar, Joe Mondragon on bass, and Stan Levey on drums, records the titles "Fine And Dandy", Gisella", "But Not For Me", "Why Do I Love You?", and a new take of "The Lady In Red" in Los Angeles, California. Capitol Records will issue all the titles on Smith's album "Delicate Jazz" (T 1017).
1959 - At the second annual Grammy Awards, held at the Beverly Hills Hotel, 9641 Sunset Blvd., Beverly Hills, California and is nationally televised for the first time, Frank Sinatra's Capitol Records album "Come Dance With Me" wins the Album Of The Year Grammy, The Kingston Trio's Capitol Records album "...at Large" wins the Best Folk Performance Of The Year Grammy, and the Best Performance By A Top 40 Artist Grammy is awarded to Nat King Cole’s Capitol Records single "Midnight Flyer" which has "The Sweet Bird Of Youth" on the flip side. Future Capitol Records artist Bobby Darin receives both the Best New Artist and Record Of The Year (for "Mack The Knife") Grammys.
1959 - During three sessions held this day in New York City, New York the original Broadway cast of "Fiorello!" (featuring Tom Bosley, Howard Da Silva, Nathaniel Frey, Ellen Hanley, Bob Holiday, Eileen Rodgers, Pat Stanley, Patricia Wilson and The Politicians [lineup unlisted]), with Harold Hastings conducting the orchestra and chorus (lineups unlisted) using music by Jerry Bock, lyrics by Sheldon Harnick, and arrangements by Carl Fisher, record the tracks "Politics And Poker" (vocals by Howard Da Silva and The Politicians), "The Bumb Won" (vocals by Howard Da Silva and The Politicians), "Little Tin Box" (vocals by Howard De Sylva and The Politicians) and "The Name's La Guaradia" (vocals by Tom Bosley and The Company) at the first session, "Finale" (vocals by Tom Bosley, Patricia Wilson, and The Politicans), "'Til Tomorrow" (vocals by Ellen Hanley and The Company), "Home Again" (vocals by The Company", "On The Side Of Angels (vocals by Nathaniel Fry, Bob Holiday, and Patricia Wilson), and "Unfair" (vocals by Tom Bosley and unlisted female vocalists) at the second session, and "Gentleman Jimmy" (vocals by Eileen Rodgers and unlisted female vocalists), "Marie's Law" (vocals by Nathaniel Frey and Patricia Wilson), "I Love A Cop" (vocals by Pat Stanley), "When Did I Fall In Love" (vocals by Ellen Hanley), "The Very Next Man" (vocals by Patricia Wilson), and the instrumental "Overture" at the last session. Capitol Records will issue all the tracks on the original Broadway cast album "Fiorello!" (WAO 1321) and will issue remastered versions of "Politics And Poker" and The Little Tin Box" as a single (Capitol 4398) as by The Politicians. If anyone knows the lineup of The Politicians, please leave a comment.
1960 - Ferlin Husky's Capitol Records single "Wings Of A Dove", with "Next To Jimmy" on the flipside, is #4 on Billboard's Hot 100 Singles chart.
1960 - Overdubs are recorded for Johnny Deerfield's (as of 2005) unissued tracks "Now And Forever" and "Tell Me What She Said" in Los Angeles, California for Capitol Records.
1960 - Overdubs are recorded for the (as of 2005) unissued take of Stan Freberg's track "Columbus Discovers America" in Los Angeles, California for Capitol Records.
1961 - During two sessions held this day in Los Angeles, California Tennessee Ernie Ford (on vocals), with Jack Fascinato conducting his own arrangements to the orchestra (lineup unlisted) records the tracks "Paddlin' Madeline Home", "Floatin' Down To Cotton Town", "Row Row Row", and "Take Your Girlie To The Movies" at the first session and "Mary's A Grand Old Name", "There'll Be No New Tunes On That Old Piano", and "Soft Shoe Song" at the second session. Capitol Records will issue all the tracks on Ford's album "Here Comes The Tennessee Ernie Ford Mississippi Showboat" (T 1684).
1961 - Noel Coward (on vocals), with Peter Matz conducting the orchestra (lineup unlisted) records new takes of the titles "Later Than Spring", "Something Very Strange", and "Where Shall I Find Her" and the titles "Sail Away" and "Useful Phrases" in New York City, New York. Capitol Records will issue all the tracks on Cowards' album "Noel Coward Sings Songs From 'Sail Away'" (W 1667).
55 Years Ago Today In 1962 - Nat "King" Cole's Capitol Records single "Ramblin' Rose" is #40 on KNUZ 1230 AM's Sonic 60 singles survey in Houston, Texas.
55 Years Ago Today In 1962 - Kay Starr records the title "I'm Confessin' (That I Love You)" in Los Angeles, California for Capitol Records which has yet to issue it.
1965 - Mary Taylor (on vocals, with unlisted musicians) records the tracks "I Did It", "I'm Gonna Slip Around On You", and "Please Forgive Me" in Los Angeles, California. Capitol Records will issue "I'm Gonna Slip Around On You" as a single (Capitol 5582) with "Today Is Not The Day" on the flipside and have (as of 2005) yet to issue all the other two tracks.
1965 - During two sessions held this day in New York City, The Lettermen (vocalists Jim Pike, Tony Butala, and Bob Engemann, with unlisted musicians) record the tracks "You Were On My Mind", "Save Your Heart For Me", and "Mr. Tambourine Man" at the first session and "Blue Velvet", "Crying In The Chapel", "Turn! Turn! Turn!", "Yesterday", and "And I Love Her" at the second session. Capitol Records will issue all the tracks on the group's album "More Hit Sounds Of The Lettermen!" (T 2428).
1966 - Sandler & Young (Tony Sandler and Ralph Young, both on vocals), with an orchestra (lineup unlisted) using arrangements by (listed as either) Sid Feller or Billy May, record the tracks "Yellow Bird", "Gonna Build A Mountain", "Cu-cu-ru-cu-cu Paloma", "C'est Si Bon", and "A Man And A Woman" in Los Angeles, California. Capitol Records will issue all the tracks on the duo's album "On The Move" (T 2686).
1966 - Ella Fitzgerald (on vocals), with The Ralph Carmichael Orchestra and Chorus (both lineups unlisted), records the tracks "Throw Out The Lifeline", "The Old Rugged Cross", "Rock Of Ages", and "I Need Thee Every Hour" in Los Angeles, California. Capitol Records will issue all the tracks on Fitzgerald's album "Brighten The Corner" (T 2685).
1966 - The Beach Boys (lineup unlisted) record the (as of 2005) unissued track "Friday Night (I'm In Great Shape) in Los Angeles, California for Capitol Records.
1966 - The Sing-A-Long Orchestra (lineup unlisted) record the tracks "Take Good Care Of Her", "I Get The Lever", "Waitin' In Your Welfare Line", and "Think Of Me" in Nashville, Tennessee. Capitol Records will issue all the tracks on the group's album "Country Song Roundup" in Nashville, Tennessee.
50 Years Ago Today In 1967 - Guy Lombardo and His Royal Canadians (with Lombardo conducting unlisted musicians) record the titles "The Look Of Love", "Take Me Along", "Step To The Rear" (with unlisted vocalist), "Torino", and "Tierra Verde" in Los Angeles, California. Capitol Records will issue the first three titles on Lombardo's album "They're Playing Our Songs" (ST 2889), has yet to issue "Torino", and will issue "Tierra Verde" on the cassette version of the album (8XT-2889).
50 Years Ago Today In 1967 - Maffit/Davies (listed as probably Michael Lang on piano, Clark Maffitt and Brian Davies on guitar, Jimmy Bond and Joe Osborne on bass, James Gordon on drums, and Milt Holland on tabla) record the title "Red Flowers" with producer Nik Venet in Los Angeles, California for Capitol Records which has yet to issue it.
50 Years Ago Today In 1967 - Capitol Records registers the masters it purchased for The Laughing Wind (lineup unlisted)'s titles "Toy Maker" and "Sliding Down A Flag Pole" but has yet to issue either one.
1968 - The Beatles' Apple Records single "Hey Jude", with "Revolution" on the flipside and distributed by Capitol Records in the United States, is still #1 on Billboard's Hot 100 Singles chart
1968 - The Hi-Lads (lineup unlisted) "The Modified" and "Live A Little" in New York City, New York. Capitol Records will issue both tracks together as a single (Capitol 2470).
1971 - Capitol Records releases Pink Floyd's single "One Of These Days" with "Fearless" on the flipside
1971 - Quicksilver Messenger Service (lineup unlisted) record the track "Mojo" and the (as of 2005) unissued track "City Of Stone" in Los Angeles, California. Capitol Records will issue the first track on the band's album "Comin' Thru" (SMAS-11002).
1971 - Trini Lopez (on vocals), with an orchestra (lineup unlisted) using arrangements by Larry Muhoberac, records the tracks "Canta (Sing)", "Tu Amigo Fiel (You've Got A Friend)", "Viva! (Viva Tirado)", "Siempre Le Cigo (All That Keeps Me Going)", "Jesus Christo", and an unlisted track which may have been a unused master number in Los Angeles, California. Capitol Records will issue the first five tracks on Lopez's album "Viva Trini Lopez" (SK-11009).
1971 - Dick Curless (on vocals, with ) records the tracks "Wait A Little Longer", "Stonin' Around", and "Lay Your Hands On Me (And Heal Me)" at Woodland Sound Studios in Nashville, Tennessee. Capitol Records will issue all the tracks on Curless' album "Stonin' Around" (ST-11087).
1971 - An editing session is held for Mary Hopkin's track "Water, Paper, and Clay" and the final version of the track will be issued by Apple Records as a single (Apple 1843) with "Streets Of London" on the flipside and distributed by Capitol Records in The United States of America
1971 - Capitol Records registers the masters for the tracks "Dawn To Dusk", 'Vedic Hymns", "Baba Teaching", "Birth To Death", "Venus House", "Gurur Brahma", "United Nations", "Raga Parameshwhari/Rangeswhari", "Banara Ghat", "Bombay Studio", Kinndra School" Frenzy And Distortion", and "Raga Desh" for the soundtrack to "Raga". Apple Records will issue all the tracks on the soundtrack album "Raga" (SWAO-3384) which will be distributed by Capitol Records in The United States of America.
45 Years Ago Today In 1972 - The Wailers (lineup unlisted) record the titles "Concrete Jungle", "Slave Driver", "400 Years", "Stop That Train", "Baby We've Got A Date (Rock It Baby)", "Stir It Up", "Kinky Reggae", "No More Troubles", and "Midnight Ravers" in Los Angeles, California. Island Records, at the time distributed by Capitol Records, will issue all the titles on The Wailers' album "Catch A Fire" (SW-9329).
45 Years Ago Today In 1972 - Capitol Records registers the master it purchased for The Pree Sisters' title "Darling, You're All That I Had" but has yet to issue it.
1973 - After an overdub has been recorded Capitol Records will register the final master it purchased from Buck Owens Productions for Tony Booth's track "It Will Never Be Over Me" and the tracks "Easy Loving", "Bring Back My Peace Of Mind", "Across This Town And Gone", "Fishin' On The Mississippi", and "The Good Old Days (Are Here Again)" and will issue all the tracks on Booth's album "Happy Hour" (ST-11270).
1973 - Mark Rael records the (as of 2005) unissued tracks "Spaceship Dream", "Thank You Jonathan", "With You" and "Mother Alaska" in Los Angeles, California for Capitol Records.
1973 - Capitol Records registers the masters it purchased from Buck Owens Productions for the masters to Buck Owens' tracks "I Wish I Was A Butterfly", "John Law" (still, as of 2005, unissued), "Stony Mountain West Virginia", "Let The Fun Begin", "Holdin' On", "Great Expectations", and "All Around Cowboy Of 1964". Capitol Records will issue the first, fourth, fifth, and seventh tracks on Owens' album "Buck Owens 41st - Lonely Hearts Club/Weekend Daddy" (ST-11390), the third track as a single (Capitol 3841) with "On The Cover Of The Music City News" on the flip side, and the sixth track as a single (Capitol 3907) with "(It's A) Monster's Holiday" on the flip side.
1973 - Pat Shannon records the tracks "Eleanor Jones" and "102 Times A Day" in Los Angeles, California. Capitol Records will issue both tracks together as a single (Capitol 3802).
1973 - Red Simpson (on vocals, with unlisted musicians) records the track "If The World Ran Out Of Diesel" and the (as of 2005) unissued track "You Took The You Out Of Us" in Vancouver, Washington with producers Gene Breeden and Steve Stone. Capitol Records will purchase the masters and issue the first track as a single (Capitol 3807) with "Certainly" on the flip side.
1978 - Zbigniew Seifert (on violin and alto saxophone, with: Richie Beirach on piano; John Scofield on guitar; Eddie Gomez on bass; Jack De Johnette on drums; and Nana Vasconcelos on percussion) records the track "Kilimanjaro" in Los Angeles, California. Capitol Records will issue the track on Siefert's album "Passion" (ST-11923).
1979 - During two sessions held this day in Los Angeles, California Beth Nielsen Chapman records the track "Hazel's Song (Every Time You Leave Me)" at the first session and "When Love Is New" at the second session. Capitol Records will issue both tracks on Chapman's album "Hearing It First" (ST-12050).
1981 - A Taste Of Honey (lineup unlisted) record the track "Never Go Wrong" in Los Angeles, California. Capitol Records will issue the track on the group's album "Ladies Of The Eighties" (ST-12173).
2001 - George Harrison, songwriter, musician, motion picture actor, score composer, and producer, lead guitarist of the Parlophone, Apple and Capitol Records band The Beatles, solo artist on all three labels, and founder of Dark Horse Records, dies of cancer at age 58.

ON THIS DAY NOT QUITE IN CAPITOL RECORDS HISTORY
1983 - EMI America registers the masters for Talk Talk's track "It's My Life (Extended Version)" which was recorded in England and an edited version of "It's My Life" and will issue both versions together as a single (EMI America 7821) and the edited version as a single (EMI America 8195) with "Again, A Game..., Again" on the flipside. EMI America's catalog is currently owned by Capitol Music's parent company, Universal Music Group.

ON THIS DAY NOT IN CAPITOL RECORDS HISTORY
1895 - Busby Berkeley, Broadway and motion picture choreographer and director, is born Berkeley William Enos in Los Angeles, California.
85 Years Ago Today In 1932 - Cole Porter's musical "The Gay Divorce", which contains the hit song "Night And Day" and stars Fred Astaire (in his last Broadway show before going to Hollywood), opens at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre, 243 W. 47th Street (between 8th Avenue and Broadway), in New York City, New York.
1939 - Joel Whitburn, author and leading authority on the history of Billboard magazine's charts is born in Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin
1969 - Billboard Magazine stops giving separate chart listings for each side of a single